Module 4: Hemostasis 

🎯 Module Objectives 

1. Explain the causes and reasons for surgical bleeding. 
2. Describe the various methods for hemostasis — mechanical, thermal-based energy, and chemical. 
3. Describe the process of coagulation. 
4. Summarize the methods for estimating blood loss intraoperatively. 
5. Describe various instruments, sponges, and agents used to obtain hemostasis. 
6. Describe the process for transfusion and fluid management intraoperatively. 

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📖 Required Readings 

Alexander’s Care of the Patient in Surgery 

186 -187 

ORNAC (Operating Room Nurses Association of Canada) Standards 

3.23 – Hemostatic Agents 

5.3 Use of blood and blood products 

3-98 

5-10 to 5-13 

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Introduction 

This module covers blood loss during surgical procedures and methods to achieve hemostasis. Perioperative nurses must be proficient in monitoring blood loss during surgery and supplying the surgical team with appropriate methods to achieve hemostasis. Fluid use monitoring and blood loss estimation are important methods used to identify blood loss. Once recognized, the surgical team can use mechanical, thermal-based energy, or chemical methods to achieve hemostasis.